Inequalities are a challenge for societies around the world. Most states have experienced an increase of socio-economic inequality in the last decades (see Piketty 2014). Such inequalities have various political consequences, undermining support for democracy and the legitimacy of democratic governance. In many countries, public services are provided at the subnational level—whether these states are federal, unitary, and/or regionalized systems. Subnational governments can differ quite significantly in their (financial, administrative) capacity, or (political) willingness to deliver public services. Consequently, where you live may determine the availability and quality of medical care or education you receive. This course focuses on such ‘territorial inequalities’ between the different regions of a polity. In part I, we will discuss how territorial inequalities can be measured. Part II reviews different drivers of territorial inequalities. Part III will focus on policy programs through which governments have tried to address territorial inequalities. By focusing on territorial inequalities in multilevel systems, the course allows students to develop their knowledge on multilevel governance and decentralization as well as public policy.