Inequality is a challenge for societies around the world. Most states have experienced an increase of socio-economic inequality in the last decades. Although there is no consensus about the fairness or unfairness of certain amounts of inequality, inequality is seen as a major societal issue, sobering hopes for “the arrival of the good life for many”. It has various political consequences, undermining support for democracy and the legitimacy of democratic governance. In many countries, opportunities and outcomes are unevenly distributed among the regions, so that the region in which one lives, in addition to the social group to which one belongs, determines the quality of life. This course focuses on such ‘territorial inequality’ between the different regions of a country. We will discuss what territorial inequality is and how it can be measured. We will discuss different drivers of territorial inequality and review policy initiatives to address territorial inequality. The course has an empirical focus and will allow students to work with quantitative data. By examining territorial inequality in multilevel systems, the course allows students to develop their knowledge on multilevel governance and decentralization as well as public policy.